A First Information Report (FIR) sets the criminal law in motion. This guide explains how to file one in Bangalore under Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (formerly CrPC 154), including the new Zero FIR and e-FIR options.
When the Police Must Register an FIR
If the information discloses a cognizable offence, the police must register an FIR. The Supreme Court made this mandatory in Lalita Kumari v. Government of Uttar Pradesh (2013). For offences punishable with three to seven years’ imprisonment, BNSS 173(3) allows the police to hold a short preliminary enquiry, with the approval of a senior officer, before registering the FIR.
How to File
- Go to the police station – ideally the one with jurisdiction, though under the Zero FIR rule any police station must register it and transfer it.
- Give the information – orally or in writing. If oral, it must be written down and read back to you before you sign.
- e-FIR – information can also be given electronically; you must sign it within three days for it to be registered.
- Get a free copy – you are entitled to a free copy of the FIR.
If the Police Refuse
- Send the complaint in writing to the Superintendent or Deputy Commissioner of Police (BNSS 173(4)).
- If there is still no action, file a complaint before the magistrate, who can order the police to investigate (BNSS 175(3)).
- For cyber fraud, also report at once on cybercrime.gov.in or helpline 1930.
Non-Cognizable Offences
For non-cognizable offences, the police record the information in a register and refer you to the magistrate; they cannot investigate without the magistrate’s order.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Zero FIR?
An FIR registered at any police station regardless of where the offence happened, which is then transferred to the station with jurisdiction.
Can I file an FIR against unknown persons?
Yes – an FIR can be registered against unknown accused, and the police then investigate to identify them.
Is there a fee to file an FIR?
No. Registering an FIR and receiving a copy are free.
About this guide: Prepared by the Best Criminal Lawyers in Bangalore editorial team from the text of the statutes and reported court judgments, and written for the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, BNSS and BSA in force since 1 July 2024. It is general information, not legal advice. Read our editorial policy.
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